The Rules of MLB Baseball Bats... Did Golf Miss on This?

I asked my buddy AI about this because I was curious and lazy. I should stop using AI because these guys (billionaires) are not your friends and are taking over the world with no guardrails. But anyways…

The short answer is yes—pitchers throw vastly faster on average today than they did in Babe Ruth’s era, and your friend is mostly wrong about the wood bats (though they are tapping into a real debate about how modern bats are made).

Here is a breakdown of how both elements have evolved from the 1920s to today.

1. Pitcher Speeds: Babe Ruth to Today

Comparing pitching speeds across eras is tricky because the technology used to measure them has radically changed. In the 1920s, there were no radar guns; today, we use Statcast, which tracks the ball the millisecond it leaves the pitcher’s hand (maximum velocity).

The evolutionary curve of the major league fastball reveals a massive shift:

  • The Babe Ruth Era (1920s–1930s): The average major league fastball sat around 85–88 mph. Pitchers were expected to throw complete games and “save their arms,” rarely throwing maximum-effort on every single pitch. Exceptional outliers existed, like Walter Johnson or Lefty Grove, who were estimated via primitive ballistics testing to touch 93–95 mph, but they were incredibly rare anomalies.

  • The Mid-Century (1940s–1970s): True flamethrowers started appearing regularly. Bob Feller was clocked by military equipment in the 1940s at roughly 98–100 mph out of his hand. In 1974, Nolan Ryan was officially clocked by a laser system at 100.9 mph—and because that system measured the ball close to home plate (after it had slowed down due to air resistance), modern physicists estimate it left his hand at an astonishing 108 mph.

  • The Modern Era (2000s–Today): In 2008, the average MLB fastball was 90.9 mph. Today, the league average is roughly 94.2 mph. 100 mph used to be a once-a-week miracle; now, relievers routinely throw 101–103 mph with maximum-effort mechanics on every single pitch, topped by Aroldis Chapman’s record-setting 105.1 mph bullet .

2. The Wood Bat Myth: Lighter, but No “Trampoline Effect”

Your friend is mixing up two different concepts: the physics of metal bats versus the changes in modern wood bat manufacturing.

Wood Bats Do NOT Have a Trampoline Effect

A true “trampoline effect” requires a hollow barrel. When a baseball hits a hollow aluminum or composite bat, the walls of the bat compress inward and then spring back out, violently returning energy to the ball.

Because wood bats are 100% solid wood, they do not compress. The ball does all the compressing on impact. There is zero structural rebound, which is exactly why Major League Baseball mandates wood—to keep exit velocities safe and protect the historic records of the gam e.

What Has Actually Changed? (Why they think it’s different)

While there is no trampoline effect, modern wood bats are fundamentally different from the heavy lumber swung in the 1920s.

Babe Ruth's Bat (1920s):   ~36 inches long / 42 to 54 ounces (Heavy, dense Ash)
Modern MLB Bat (2026):     ~34 inches long / 31 to 32 ounces (Light, bone-rubbed Maple)

  1. The Shift to Maple: In Ruth’s day, everyone used Northern White Ash. In the early 2000s, Barry Bonds popularized Sugar Maple. Maple is a incredibly dense, stiff hardwood. It doesn’t flex like ash, meaning less energy is absorbed by the wood upon impact. The energy transfers more efficiently back to the ball, resulting in higher exit velocities—but this is pure structural density, not a trampoline flex.

  2. Ultra-Light Models & Thin Handles: Modern players demand maximum swing speed to catch up to today’s 100 mph fastballs. To achieve this, bat makers use lower-density wood stocks or shave down the handles to razor-thin diameters. This allows a player to swing a giant 2.5-inch barrel that only weighs 31 ounces.

  3. The “Bone-Rubbing” Technique: Manufacturers now compress the wood fibers externally before a bat ever hits the field by rolling it against a porcelain line or a hard bone. This hardens the outermost pores of the wood, ensuring that when the ball hits the bat, almost no energy is lost to wood surface deformation.

The Verdict: Pitchers throw significantly harder today, and hitters catch up to them by swinging bats that are much lighter and stiffer than Babe Ruth’s heavy logs. However, the barrel remains completely solid—the day a wood bat gets a trampoline effect is the day it shatters into piec es.

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Great information thanks for sharing
Cheers

I’m reading Ted Williams book currently. He said he would practice with a heavier bat and then game one a bit lighter.

Certainly with the ball moving fast vs stationary on the ground is a big difference.

Williams talks about hitting up on the ball which would certainly put the bat deeper onto the 4:30 line.

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Same with professional boxing they train with 12-14 ounce gloves but fight with 8-10 ounce gloves. I even had a long talk with my parents about getting their child a 7 iron blade as a standard training club. The ones that did it all have multiple offers to go play college golf. I don’t think that’s a coincidence at all.

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Yes sir! One cannot get a more “game improvement club” than a traditional blade. Jackie Burke wished to be buried with a blade putter in case Demaret had the greens running fast when they met again. Me, I’m resting with a nice Mac 5Iron.

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I can see both sides, but I think the bigger issue is consistency. Once equipment starts changing faster than the rules, it becomes harder to compare performances across different eras.

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It’s just a different game. Most know that here and we focus on golf. The problem is the name golf being hijacked without an adjective in front describing or defining the bifurcated version. That’s actually what the all the huffing and puffing is about. It’s so obvious, but still not a widely accepted reality. Time does tend to right the wrongs of history at some point.

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You make solid points but when I ask one of my college golf team players what they are playing they automatically say “Golf” because it’s the only game they know. I even have some students that when they see my persimmons I explain to them that’s where the term woods come from.

Trying to convince modern players that what they are playing is not golf is a?monumental task it’s akin to trying to add another President to Mount Rushmore in all honesty.

I have made my own categories based on specific keys I will share below. I have shared these categories with others for feedback and have not received much pushback from players of all ages.

  1. Classic Era (1930-50s) Steel shaft pioneers. More compact swings and shorter swings

  2. Golden Era ( 1960s - 80s) Upright power players. Backswing lentgh and plane very widely. Tall, short, skinny and fat players.

  3. Modern Classic ( 1980s - 2000s) Technical, more mechanical and backswings become more common.

  4. Contemporary Power Era ( 2000s- present) Wider stances , high speed swingers. Exaggerated hip turns, Steeper and flatter shaft positions all coexist at all levels of golf.

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History tends to get things right over time… when you leave the forest and can look back from a different perspective.
My personal perspective is fairly unique because I retired right at the very end of the persimmon and balata era… then didn’t play for 13 years. Coming back the changes were shocking… extremely shocking. Most of my contemporaries took all the little bite size fragments right down the trail into what is going on now. Nothing really seemed shocking to them.
I’m still in permanent shock.. but being a solution oriented person, it’s my nature to seek solutions.

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My question to AI today:

Why are softball bats not allowed in Major League Baseball?

Softball bats aren’t allowed in Major League Baseball because MLB rules explicitly require a one-piece solid wood bat that meets specific size and construction limits, and virtually all softball bats are non‑wood, built to different performance standards, and certified for softball—not baseball.

What MLB’s bat rule actually says

  • MLB Rule 1.10(a) states the bat must be a smooth, round stick, no more than 2.61 inches in diameter, no more than 42 inches long, and crucially: “The bat shall be one piece of solid wood.”

  • MLB also prohibits hollowed, corked, or otherwise altered bats and places limits on things like tape/pine tar placement.

Because of the “one piece of solid wood” requirement, metal, composite, or hybrid bats used in softball are automatically illegal in MLB regardless of their dimensions.

How softball bats differ

  • Material & construction: Most adult/competitive softball bats are aluminum, composite, or hybrid (not solid wood), engineered for high “trampoline” effect and optimized for a larger, softer ball.

  • Certifications: Softball bats carry ASA/USA Softball, USSSA, ISA, NSA, ISF stamps and performance metrics like BPF 1.20, which are baseball-ineligible by design.

  • Dimensions & weight: Many softball bats are 2¼ inches in barrel diameter and have weight distributions (“drop”) tuned for softball pitching speeds and ball compression, not MLB pitching.

Even if a softball bat happened to fit within MLB’s length/diameter limits, its non‑wood construction and certification make it noncompliant.

Why MLB insists on wood (and thus excludes softball bats)

  • Rule design & tradition: MLB’s rulebook is written around wood-only bats to preserve the historical skill balance between hitting and pitching.

  • Performance control: Non‑wood bats (the kind used in softball) can increase exit velocity and change the “sweet spot” behavior, which MLB avoids to keep offense/pitching in check and maintain safety.

  • Certification mismatch: A bat approved for ASA/USSSA softball is not BBCOR/USABat/MLB‑legal; leagues deliberately separate standards so a “softball bat” is not a valid baseball bat.

So the short answer: MLB’s rules mandate solid wood bats, and softball bats are almost all non‑wood, built and certified for a different sport—making them ineligible by both construction and league standards.

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